* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    text-decoration: none;
    list-style: none;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

:root {
    --beige: #D5CAAE;
    --charcoal: #373737;
    --dark-grey: #2A2A2A;
    --muted-red: #964144;
    --light-red: #DD6763;
    --faint-beige: #7F7A6C;
}

a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.top-menu a:visited {
    color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.main-menu a:visited {
    color: var(--beige);
}

.noselect {
    -webkit-touch-callout: none;
    -webkit-user-select: none; 
    -khtml-user-select: none; 
    -moz-user-select: none; 
    -ms-user-select: none; 
    user-select: none;
}

.displaynone {
    display: none;
}

p, ol, ul {
    font-family: 'EB Garamond', serif;
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    text-align: justify;
}

body {
    font-family: 'Baskervville SC', serif;
    background-color: var(--beige);
    color: var(--dark-grey);

    min-height: 100vh;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.container {
    max-width: 1800px; 
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 75px;
}

header {
    min-height: 75px;
    background-color: var(--beige);
    font-size: 1.5rem;

    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    width: 100%;

    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;

    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--dark-grey);
}

hr {
    display: block;
    margin: 50px 0;
    
    height: 1px;
    border: 0;
    background-color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.title {
    width: 30%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    margin-right: auto;
    line-height: 0.6;
}

.title img {
    padding: 5px 15px;
}

.top-menu {
    width: 40%; 
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;

    text-align: center;
}

.top-menu a {
    position: relative;
    transition: 0.3s ease;
}

.top-menu a:hover {
    color: var(--faint-beige);
}

.top-menu a::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 1px;

    transform: translateX(-50%) scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: center;

    background-color: var(--faint-beige);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.top-menu a:hover::after {
    transform: translateX(-50%) scaleX(1);
}

.sub-menu-focus,
.sub-menu-novel {
    position: absolute;

    padding-top: 30px;

    /* Animation defaults */
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(-10px);

    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: left;

    border-radius: 10px;
    border-top-left-radius: 0;

    transition:
        opacity 0.25s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1),
        transform 0.25s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1),
        visibility 0.25s;
}

/* show submenu on hover */
.menu-item:hover .sub-menu-focus,
.menu-item:hover .sub-menu-novel {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.top-menu .sub-menu-inner {
    white-space: nowrap;
    width: max-content;

    border-radius: 10px; 
    border-top-left-radius: 0;

    padding: 10px 50px 10px 10px;

    border: 1px solid var(--dark-grey);
    background-color: var(--beige);
}

.menu-item {
    position: relative;
}

.menu-item:hover .sub-menu-focus {
    display: flex;
}

.menu-item:hover .sub-menu-novel {
    display: flex;
}

.right-spacing {
    width: 30%;
}

.sidebar {
    width: 775px;
    height: 100vh;
    overflow: hidden;

    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;

    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;

    background-color: var(--dark-grey);
    color: var(--beige);

    will-change: transform;
    transition: transform 0.35s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);
}

.sidebar-content {
    height: 100%;
    overflow-y: auto;
    position: relative;

    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.sidebar-rail {
    width: 75px;
    height: 100vh;

    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;

    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: flex-start;

    cursor: pointer;
    border-left: 1px solid var(--dark-grey);    
    transition: 0.2s ease;
}

.sidebar-rail:hover {
    background-color: #C9BEA2;
}

.open-sidebar {
    display: flex;
    padding: 21px;
}

.sidebar.closed {
    transform: translateX(100%);
}

.sidebar .vl {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 1px;

    position: absolute;
    left: 45px;

    background-color: var(--beige);
}

.sidebar .toggle {
    min-height: 75px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--beige);

    display: flex;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    align-items: center;
}

.sidebar nav {
    font-size: 3rem;

    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
}

.sidebar nav .main, .sidebar nav .misc {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 45px 0 45px 45px;
    gap: 10px;

    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.sidebar nav .main {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--beige);
}

.sidebar nav .main label, .sidebar nav .misc label {
    width: 100%;
}

.sidebar nav .misc span {
    display: flex;
}

.sidebar nav .main a, .sidebar nav .misc span, .sidebar nav .main label {
    padding-left: 30px;
    width: 100%;

    transition: background-color 0.2s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);
}

.sidebar nav .main a:hover, .sidebar nav .misc span:hover, .sidebar nav .main label:hover {
    background-color: var(--beige);
    color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.sidebar nav .main .dropdown {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

.sidebar nav .main .arrow {
    display: flex;
}

.sidebar nav .main .dropdown img {
    height: 20px;
    align-self: center;
    margin-right: 50px;
}

.arrow-up {
    display: none;
}

.dropdown-toggle:checked + .dropdown {
    background-color: var(--beige);
    color: var(--dark-grey);
}

.dropdown-toggle:checked + .dropdown + .sub-menu {
    display: flex;
}

.arrow-down, .dropdown:hover .arrow-up {
    display: block;
}

.arrow-up, .dropdown:hover .arrow-down {
    display: none;
}

.dropdown-toggle:checked + .dropdown .arrow-down {
    display: none;
}

.dropdown-toggle:checked + .dropdown .arrow-up {
    display: block;
}

.sidebar nav .main .sub-menu {
    font-size: 2.25rem;
    width: 100%;

    flex-direction: column;
    max-height: 0;              
    overflow: hidden;           
    
    transition: 
        max-height 0.5s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1),
        opacity 0.5s cubic-bezier(.4,0,.2,1);

    opacity: 0;
}

.sub-menu-inner {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.dropdown-toggle:checked + .dropdown + .sub-menu {
    max-height: 150px; 
    opacity: 1;
}

.sidebar nav .main .sub-menu a {
    padding-left: 60px;
}

.nav-footer {
    height: 65px;
    margin-top: auto;
    margin-left: 75px;
    margin-right: 30px;
    padding: 20px 0;

    font-size: 1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--faint-beige);

    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

.nav-footer span:first-child {
    color: var(--faint-beige);
}

.close-sidebar {
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    padding: 21px;
}

.open-sidebar, .toggle input {
    display: block;
}

main {
    margin-right: 75px;
    flex: 1;
}

h1 {
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 85px;
    line-height: 0.9;
    letter-spacing: -2px;
}

h2 {
    margin-top: 10px;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* hero section */
.hero-section, .about-body {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(600px, 1fr));
    gap: 40px;
    
    align-items: start;
}

.hero-section {
    margin-bottom: 75px;
}

.hero-text {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 40px;
}

.hero-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 30px;

    text-align: justify;
}

.hero-image, .about-image {
    justify-self: center;
    align-self: center;
    min-width: 50%;
    max-width: 100%;
    display: flex;
    border-radius: 10px;
}

.hero-section h1 {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
}

/* rizal in focus: featured articles */
.featured-top {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap:25px;
    margin-bottom: 50px;
}

.featured-content {
    width: 80%;
    
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 20px;
}

.featured-content h1 {
    line-height: 0.85;
}

.featured-btn {
    display: flex;
    align-self: flex-start;
}

/* cards section */
.featured-cards {
    display: grid;

    width: 100%; 
    margin: 0 auto;      

    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(500px, 1fr));
    justify-content: center;

    border-right: 1px solid var(--dark-grey);
}

.card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;

    height: auto;
    padding: 32px;

    background-color: var(--beige);
    color: var(--dark-grey);

    border-left: 1px solid var(--dark-grey);
}

.card-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
    flex: 1; 
    gap: 15px;
}

.card-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;      
    display: block;     
    border-radius: 10px;
}

.card-text .card-header {
    font-size: 48px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 0.9;
}

.card-text .card-description {
    font-family: 'EB Garamond', serif;
    font-size: 20px;
    text-align: justify;
    
    padding-top: 20px;
}

/* read more button */
.read-btn {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.read-more-btn {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;

    width: 140px;
    height: 70px;

    align-self: flex-end;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 24px;

    letter-spacing: -1px;
    line-height: 0.85;

    padding: 2px 2px;
    border: 1px solid var(--dark-grey);
    border-radius: 50%;

    color: var(--dark-grey);

    text-align: center;
    transition: background-color 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease;
}

.read-more-btn:hover {
    background-color: var(--dark-grey);
    color: var(--beige);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* about the website */
.about {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 60px;
}

.about-title {
    text-align: center;
}

.about-title h1 {
    line-height: 0.9;
    letter-spacing: -2px;
}

.about-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;

    justify-content: space-between;
    text-align: justify;
    gap: 30px;

    height: 100%;
}

.about-content-text {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 30px;
}

.visit-btn {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;

    width: 230px;
    height: 120px;

    align-self: flex-end;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 32px;

    letter-spacing: -1px;
    line-height: 0.85;

    padding: 2px 2px;
    border: 1px solid var(--dark-grey);
    border-radius: 50%;

    color: var(--dark-grey);

    text-align: center;
    transition: background-color 0.25s ease, color 0.25s ease;
}

.visit-btn:hover {
    background-color: var(--dark-grey);
    color: var(--beige);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* footer section */
footer {
    height: 75px;

    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0 73px;

    font-size: 1.5rem;
    background-color: var(--dark-grey);
    color: var(--beige);
}

.vert {
    width: 1px;
    height: 100%;
    border: 0;
    background-color: var(--beige);
}

.section-text {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.section-part {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 30px;
    margin-bottom: 50px;
}

.dialogue {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;

    text-align: center;
    font-style: italic;
}

.dialogue p {
    text-align: center;
}

.list {
    margin-left: 75px;
}

ol {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {

    .container {
        padding: 25px;
    }

    .title {
        width: 80%;
    }

    .top-menu {
        display: none;
    }

    .right-spacing {
        display: none;
    }

    .sidebar-rail {
        width: 75px;
        height: 74px;
        border-left: none;

        transition: background-color 0.2s ease;
    }

    .sidebar-rail:hover {
        border-left: 1px solid var(--dark-grey);
    }

    .open-sidebar {
        padding: 21px;
    }

    .sidebar {
        width: 100%;
        z-index: 200;
    }

    .sidebar .vl {
        left: 30px;
    }

    .sidebar nav {
        font-size: 2.25rem;
    }

    .sidebar nav .main,
    .sidebar nav .misc {
        padding: 30px 0 30px 30px;
    }

    .sidebar nav .main a,
    .sidebar nav .misc span,
    .sidebar nav .main label {
        padding-left: 20px;
    }

    .sidebar nav .main .sub-menu a {
        padding-left: 40px;
    }

    .nav-footer {
        margin-left: 50px;
        font-size: 0.85rem;
    }

    main {
        margin-right: 0;
        padding: 30px 20px;
    }

    h1 {
        font-size: 52px;
        letter-spacing: -1px;
    }

    .hero-section {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 30px;
    }

    .hero-section h1 {
        grid-column: 1 / -1;
    }

    p {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
    }

    .hero-image, .about-image {
        width: 100%;
        min-width: unset;
        max-width: 100%;
    }

    .about-body {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .about-content {
        text-align: left;
    }

    .visit-btn {
        align-self: center;
    }

    footer .vert {
        display: none;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {

    .container {
        padding: 30px 20px;
    }

    header {
        min-height: 60px;
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }

    .title img {
        padding: 4px 10px;
        height: 32px;
    }

    .sidebar-rail {
        width: 60px;
        height: 59px;
    }

    .open-sidebar {
        padding: 15px 0;
    }

    .sidebar nav {
        font-size: 1.75rem;
    }

    .sidebar nav .main,
    .sidebar nav .misc {
        padding: 30px 0;
        gap: 12px;
    }

    .sidebar nav .main a,
    .sidebar nav .misc span,
    .sidebar nav .main label {
        padding-left: 16px;
    }

    .sidebar nav .main .sub-menu {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }

    .sidebar nav .main .sub-menu a {
        padding-left: 32px;
    }

    .sidebar nav .main .dropdown img {
        height: 16px;
        margin-right: 30px;
    }

    .sidebar .toggle {
        min-height: 60px;
    }

    .close-sidebar {
        padding: 16px;
    }

    .sidebar .vl {
       display: none;
    }

    .nav-footer {
        margin-left: 20px;
        margin-right: 20px;
        font-size: 0.75rem;
        height: auto;
        padding: 14px 0;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 4px;
    }

    main {
        margin-right: 0;
        padding: 0;
    }

    h1 {
        font-size: 38px;
        letter-spacing: -0.5px;
    }

    p {
        font-size: 1.05rem;
    }

    hr {
        margin: 32px 0;
    }

    .hero-section {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 20px;
    }

    .hero-text {
        gap: 24px;
    }

    .hero-title {
        letter-spacing: -1px;
    }

    .hero-content {
        gap: 16px;
    }

    .hero-image,
    .about-image {
        width: 100%;
        min-width: unset;
        max-width: 100%;
    }

    .featured-top {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 16px;
        margin-bottom: 28px;
    }

    .featured-content {
        width: 100%;
        gap: 12px;
    }

    .featured-btn {
        align-self: center;
    }

    .featured-cards {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        border-right: none;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--dark-grey);
    }

    .card {
        padding: 24px 0;
        border-left: none;
        border-top: 1px solid var(--dark-grey);
    }

    .card-text .card-header {
        font-size: 32px;
        line-height: 1;
    }

    .card-text .card-description {
        font-size: 17px;
        padding-top: 14px;
        text-align: left;
    }

    .read-btn {
        justify-content: flex-end;
        margin-bottom: 24px;
    }

    .read-more-btn {
        width: 110px;
        height: 55px;
        font-size: 18px;
    }

    .visit-btn {
        width: 160px;
        height: 85px;
        font-size: 22px;
        align-self: center;
    }

    .about {
        gap: 32px;
    }

    .about-body {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 24px;
    }

    .about-content {
        text-align: left;
        gap: 20px;
    }

    .about-content-text {
        gap: 16px;
    }

    footer {
        height: auto;
        padding: 20px 24px;
        font-size: 1.1rem;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 12px;
        text-align: center;
    }

    footer .vert {
        display: none;
    }
}